Swordtail Xiphophorus variatus (Variable Platyfish) – Xiphophorus variatu

Swordtail Xiphophorus variatus, commonly known as the Variable Platyfish, is one of the most rewarding livebearers you can keep in a home aquarium. Hardy, colorful, active and peaceful, it is an ideal choice both for beginners and for advanced aquarists who appreciate subtle variations in pattern and color. In this guide we will look at its origin, behavior, water requirements, breeding, feeding and ideal tankmates, as well as show how to set up a comfortable, well-equipped aquarium using gear available at MB Store.

Origin, appearance and natural behavior of Xiphophorus variatus

The Variable Platyfish comes from the slow-moving waters of Mexico and Central America, where it inhabits small rivers, ditches and densely vegetated ponds. In nature, the fish lives in large mixed groups, frequently moving between open water and shallow, plant-rich zones. This habitat has shaped Xiphophorus variatus into a highly adaptable, resilient species that tolerates a wide range of aquarium conditions, provided that basic water parameters and hygiene are maintained.

The body of the Variable Platyfish is short and slightly compressed, with a rounded belly and a fan-shaped caudal fin. Depending on the strain, you will encounter countless color forms: from golden and red fish with dark speckles, through blue and green tones, to marble and tuxedo patterns. Selective breeding has produced individuals with longer fins and intensified colors, but most specimens retain the recognizable, compact silhouette of a classic platy. The “sword” in this species is usually short and subtle compared with the more famous swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii.

In terms of behavior, Xiphophorus variatus is peaceful and active, spending most of the day exploring the middle and upper layers of the tank. Males sometimes chase each other and perform small displays to impress females, but serious aggression is rare if the aquarium is large enough and well decorated. Because they are livebearers and constantly searching for food, they appreciate frequent small meals and some open swimming space combined with dense plant clusters that offer security for juveniles.

Tank requirements and equipment for Variable Platyfish

An aquarium for Xiphophorus variatus does not need to be large, but it should be stable and well planned. A group of six to eight fish, with a ratio of one male to two or three females, will feel comfortable in a tank of around 60 liters, while larger communities naturally require more water volume. Stability of parameters is more important than size alone, so it is better to provide a slightly smaller but well filtered and regularly maintained tank than a big, neglected setup.

The species prefers temperatures between 22 and 26 °C, which makes it suitable both for traditional heated aquariums and for slightly cooler rooms, provided that fluctuations are not drastic. Water hardness can range from soft to moderately hard, but Xiphophorus variatus feels best in medium-hard, slightly alkaline water. Good aeration and surface movement ensure adequate oxygen levels, especially in community tanks with more active stocking.

For filtration, a sponge, internal, or external filter can be used, as long as it guarantees steady biological performance and gentle flow. MB Store offers a wide range of filters, heaters, lighting systems and quality aquariums suited to both beginners and advanced fishkeepers. Properly selected equipment makes it easier to maintain stable conditions and significantly reduces the risk of disease or stress.

The decor should combine open swimming zones with plant thickets. Live plants such as Hygrophila, Limnophila, Vallisneria, Ceratophyllum or floating species create shelter for fry and enrich the tank visually. Dark substrate and background help highlight the intense colors of the fish. It is also worth adding some roots or stones that break up the line of sight and make the environment more varied, which reduces anxiety and enhances natural behavior.

Water parameters, maintenance and health

One of the greatest advantages of Xiphophorus variatus is its tolerance of a broad spectrum of water values. Nevertheless, every aquarist should aim for stable, clean water with low content of nitrogenous compounds. Ammonia and nitrites must be kept at zero, while nitrates should remain as low as possible through regular water changes and sensible feeding. In small or heavily stocked tanks, weekly partial changes are essential to maintain good health.

Before introducing fish, it is important to properly cycle the aquarium so that beneficial bacteria can establish in the filter and substrate. Monitoring of parameters such as pH, hardness and nitrate concentration allows early detection of potential imbalances. MB Store provides high-quality water tests, conditioners and substrates that help stabilize chemistry and create optimal conditions for livebearers.

With correct care, the Variable Platyfish is resistant to most common diseases. Occasional issues may occur in overcrowded, dirty or poorly filtered aquariums, where parasites or bacterial infections can spread quickly. Early warning signs include clamped fins, lethargy, loss of appetite or white spots on the body and fins. Quarantine of new fish, good hygiene and stable parameters are usually sufficient to prevent serious health problems.

Because Xiphophorus variatus likes to graze on surfaces, moderate algae growth on decorations and glass can actually be beneficial, giving the fish an additional natural food source. However, excessive algae often indicates too much light, high nutrient levels or insufficient maintenance, so it is always useful to track the underlying causes rather than simply removing the visible growth.

Feeding and nutrition of Xiphophorus variatus

The Variable Platyfish is omnivorous with a clear preference for plant-based components and small animal organisms. In nature, it feeds on insect larvae, algae, biofilm and various microscopic creatures present on plants and stones. To reflect this diet in the aquarium, it is best to provide a combination of dry, frozen and fresh foods in varied portions and formats. Such diversity improves coloration, fertility and immunity.

A good base consists of high-quality flake or granulated foods dedicated to livebearers or community fish, rich in plant material and essential vitamins. Complementing them with spirulina-based products supports digestion and enhances the natural shine of the body pattern. Occasional meals of frozen daphnia, artemia or bloodworms provide valuable protein and help condition females before breeding, without overloading the digestive system when used moderately.

Plant supplements, such as blanched spinach, peas or pieces of zucchini, can be offered from time to time to meet the herbivorous component of the diet. Xiphophorus variatus eagerly nibbles on tender leaves and soft vegetables, which helps keep the gastrointestinal tract in good shape. Overfeeding should be avoided, as excess food leads to deterioration of water quality and can induce obesity or metabolic problems.

Small, frequent meals during the day are more beneficial than one large feeding. This method reflects natural grazing and keeps the fish active, while preventing sudden spikes in pollution. MB Store stocks carefully selected fish food products tailored to the needs of livebearers, making it easy to build a balanced menu that supports both growth and reproduction.

Social behavior and suitable tankmates

Xiphophorus variatus is a schooling species that simply looks and feels better in a group. When kept singly or in pairs, the fish may display timid behavior or excessive aggression of males towards females. A larger group distributes social pressure and stimulates natural, lively activity in all individuals. Female-heavy ratios also help reduce persistent chasing and stress for less dominant fish.

Due to its peaceful nature, the Variable Platyfish is a perfect candidate for community aquariums. Good companions include other small livebearers, peaceful tetras, rasboras, Corydoras catfish, small Loricariidae and non-aggressive dwarf cichlids. Shrimp and snails can also be kept with platies, though some fry may be eaten by opportunistic tankmates. It is better to avoid large, predatory or very territorial species that may harass or consume these gentle fish.

Color variation is another strong argument for forming multi-fish groups. When different color morphs of Xiphophorus variatus are kept together, the community becomes visually more diverse and dynamic. Over time, natural crossing may result in entirely new patterns that give your aquarium a unique, personal character. This natural variation is one of the reasons many aquarists grow attached to their platy populations for years.

To further reduce conflict, it is advisable to structure the aquarium with plants and decorations into smaller zones. Each fish or mini-group can then establish its own microterritory. Adequate hiding spaces lower anxiety and encourage bolder exploration of the entire tank. With time, the community stabilizes and daily routines become predictable: morning feeding, midday resting under leaves, evening courtship display and playful chases in open water.

Breeding and fry rearing

Xiphophorus variatus is a classic livebearer, meaning that females do not lay eggs but instead give birth to fully formed fry. This makes breeding extremely straightforward and accessible even for those who are just beginning their adventure with aquaristics. Under good conditions, you may observe juveniles appearing among plants almost every month, without any special intervention beyond regular care and a varied diet.

Sexing the fish is easy: males are smaller and more slender, with a modified anal fin called a gonopodium, while females are larger, with a fuller abdomen and a triangular anal fin. A dark gravid spot near the rear part of the belly often helps identify pregnant females. The gestation period usually lasts around four weeks, depending on temperature and overall health. Just before birth, the belly appears distinctly squared off when viewed from the front.

Adult fish, including parents, sometimes eat their own fry, so if survival of the juveniles is a priority, you should provide dense plant cover. Fine-leaved species and floating clumps create an ideal nursery where tiny fish can hide. Some aquarists choose to move pregnant females to separate breeding tanks, but this can be stressful if done too late. In many cases, a well-planted main aquarium is enough to allow at least part of the brood to survive.

Once born, fry can immediately accept powdered dry foods, crushed flakes, newly hatched artemia or micro-worms. Frequent small meals and excellent water quality are crucial for healthy growth and development. MB Store offers dedicated breeding accessories such as fry nets, small heaters and gentle filters that help maintain safe conditions for young fish. Over time, the juveniles will gain color and begin to resemble miniature versions of the adults, gradually joining the main group.

Aquarium design inspiration with MB Store equipment

Creating a beautiful habitat for Xiphophorus variatus is both a practical and artistic task. A well-designed aquarium emphasizes the natural charm of the fish and at the same time facilitates maintenance. When planning, it is worth considering the proportions of the tank, the type of lighting and the arrangement of plants and decorations. Horizontal swimming space is especially important for platies, so longer tanks are usually more suitable than very tall ones.

Neutral or slightly dark substrate helps underline the intense shades of red, orange and blue displayed by many strains of the Variable Platyfish. Contrasting green plants and some pieces of carefully chosen hardscape complete the scene, giving the impression of a slice of a calm tropical stream. Strong but not glaring lighting allows plants to thrive while keeping the fish comfortable and not overly stressed.

MB Store offers a broad assortment of glass tanks, sturdy stands, filters, heaters and LED fixtures that allow you to choose equipment perfectly matched to the size and character of your project. You can assemble a compact setup for a desktop or a larger, more complex composition that becomes the visual centerpiece of your living room. Using proven gear gives you confidence that technical aspects will not hinder your enjoyment of observing an active, colorful community.

When choosing accessories, it is worth considering functional details such as tight-fitting covers to prevent fish from jumping, practical feeding hatches, cable management options or easy access for cleaning. Thoughtful design at the beginning translates into years of hassle-free operation. Combining reliable equipment with the durability of Xiphophorus variatus creates a harmonious system that rewards regular, but not overly demanding care.

Why Variable Platyfish are a great choice for every aquarist

The popularity of Xiphophorus variatus is no coincidence. These fish combine attractive coloration, interesting behavior and high adaptability. They tolerate minor mistakes often made by beginners, while still offering enough diversity and breeding potential to keep advanced hobbyists engaged. Their peaceful character opens the door to countless community combinations, and their livebearing nature lets you observe successive generations growing up in your own aquarium.

From the perspective of everyday maintenance, Variable Platyfish are forgiving and undemanding. Regular water changes, efficient filtration, balanced diet and appropriate group size are usually enough to ensure long, healthy lives. Their constant activity and curiosity make the tank lively, while subtle color variations mean that no two individuals look exactly the same. Over time, you begin to recognize particular fish by pattern or behavior, which builds a surprising bond between aquarist and inhabitants.

With the support of MB Store, equipping and maintaining a tank for Xiphophorus variatus becomes even easier. Access to proven aquariums, filtration systems, lighting, food and water treatment products allows you to focus on the creative aspects of the hobby rather than solving technical issues. Whether you are just setting up your first livebearer community or expanding an existing collection, Variable Platyfish are an excellent, reliably rewarding choice.

FAQ about Swordtail Xiphophorus variatus (Variable Platyfish)

How big do Variable Platyfish grow and how long do they live?
Adult Xiphophorus variatus typically reach around 4–6 cm in length, with females usually being slightly larger and more robust than males. In a well-maintained aquarium with stable water parameters, good filtration and a varied diet, they can live for approximately three to five years. Proper care, low stress and avoidance of overcrowding help them reach the upper end of this range.

Can I keep Xiphophorus variatus in a community aquarium?
Yes, the Variable Platyfish is an excellent choice for community aquariums thanks to its peaceful temperament and moderate size. It coexists well with small tetras, rasboras, Corydoras and other gentle livebearers. Avoid large predatory species and very aggressive fish that could harass or injure platies. Provide plant cover and enough swimming space so that all inhabitants feel comfortable and secure.

Do Variable Platyfish require a heated aquarium?
Xiphophorus variatus prefers temperatures from about 22 to 26 °C, so a heater is recommended in most homes, especially in colder seasons. In warm rooms where the temperature remains stable, they may manage without additional heating, but sudden drops can weaken the immune system. Using a reliable thermostat and thermometer ensures that changes are gradual and within the comfortable range for long-term health.

How often do Variable Platyfish breed and what happens to the fry?
Females can give birth roughly every four weeks, depending on temperature, age and nutrition. Each brood may contain several dozen fry, which are fully formed and able to swim from the moment of birth. Adult fish sometimes eat juveniles, so dense plants or breeding nets increase fry survival. If you do not want too many offspring, keep only one sex or limit hiding places to control population growth.

What equipment is essential for keeping Xiphophorus variatus?
The basic setup includes an appropriately sized aquarium, efficient filter, heater with thermostat, lighting and a cover to prevent jumping. A test kit for monitoring water quality and a siphon for water changes are also extremely useful. MB Store provides all these elements, along with food and conditioners tailored to livebearers. With this equipment, it is easy to create a stable, aesthetic environment for your Variable Platyfish.