Farlowella Catfish – Farlowella spp.

Among the many peaceful bottom dwellers available to aquarists, the elegant Farlowella catfish stands out as a truly unique addition. With their twig‑like bodies, calm temperament and specialized feeding habits, these fish appeal both to beginners ready for something different and to advanced hobbyists building carefully balanced biotopes. At MB Store you will find a wide choice of aquariums and high‑quality aquarium equipment that make keeping Farlowella safer, more stable and visually impressive.

Natural habitat and appearance of Farlowella catfish

The genus Farlowella, often called twig catfish or stick catfish, comes primarily from slow‑moving rivers and streams of South America, especially in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. These waters are typically rich in submerged branches, roots and leaf litter. Farlowella have evolved to live almost invisibly among this complex structure, which explains both their shape and their behaviour.

Adult Farlowella have a very elongated, extremely slender body that closely resembles a dry twig. The coloration is usually brown to olive with darker longitudinal lines, sometimes broken or mottled, running from the head to the caudal fin. The body is covered with bony plates typical for Loricariidae, giving them a slightly rough, armored look. This natural camouflage protects them from predators and allows them to ambush tiny organisms on plant and wood surfaces.

Most species grow to between 12 and 20 cm in length, though some remain smaller. The mouth is placed on the underside and forms a small suction cup with fine teeth, perfect for grazing soft algae films and biofilm. Males often develop thicker rostrums and can show odontodes – tiny spines – on the snout during breeding periods. These sexual differences are subtle, making sexing challenging for beginners.

In the aquarium, the extraordinary body shape and still posture of Farlowella constantly draw attention. They spend much of their time attached to driftwood or plant stems, usually at an angle, moving only slowly. For aquarists who appreciate naturalistic scapes and peaceful community setups, they offer both functionality as gentle grazers and aesthetic value as living ornaments.

Tank requirements and water parameters

Keeping Farlowella successfully begins with providing a stable, mature aquarium. These fish are sensitive to poor water quality and should never be added to newly set‑up tanks. A minimum tank length of 80–100 cm is recommended for a small group, as the elongated body requires enough horizontal space. Although their biomass is low, length and surface area matter more than just the number of litres.

In terms of water parameters, Farlowella prefer soft to moderately hard water with slightly acidic to neutral pH. Aim for a pH between 6.2 and 7.2, general hardness (GH) from 3 to 10 dGH, and carbonate hardness (KH) kept low but stable. Temperature should range between 23 and 27 °C. Above all, avoid rapid fluctuations, because these catfish are not tolerant of sudden changes in pH or temperature.

Strong, yet gentle and well‑diffused filtration is essential. They come from oxygen‑rich waters, so efficient biological filtration and sufficient water movement are crucial. At MB Store you can select internal or external filters sized correctly for your aquarium, including advanced canister filters that provide excellent biological capacity and quiet operation. Combine this with a regular maintenance schedule to keep ammonia and nitrite at zero and nitrates low.

The substrate can be fine sand or smooth gravel; sharp grains should be avoided, as Farlowella frequently rest directly on the bottom. Darker substrates enhance their colors and make them feel more secure. Since they occupy the lower and middle zones while clinging to surfaces, vertical and horizontal structure in the form of branches, roots and tall plant stems is more important than deep substrate layers.

Decor, aquascaping and lighting

To make Farlowella feel at home, design the aquascape with plenty of natural elements. Use twisted driftwood, root pieces and sturdy branches that allow the fish to rest in various positions. These structures not only provide hiding places but also increase the surface area for biofilm growth, which is part of their diet. At MB Store you will find a wide range of natural woods and rocks suitable for creating such environments.

Live plants are highly recommended. Long‑stemmed species, fine‑leaved plants and floating vegetation all contribute to a more natural feel. Farlowella often position themselves among plant stems, using them as perches. Hardy plants such as various species of Vallisneria, Hygrophila, Limnophila or Java fern attached to wood work well under moderate lighting. Dense planting around the edges with more open swimming space in the middle creates an ideal layout.

Lighting should be moderate rather than very intense. In nature, these fish often live in waters shaded by overhanging trees and floating vegetation. Too bright lighting can stress them, making them hide constantly and weakening their natural behavior. Using floating plants and adjustable LED systems, which you can obtain at MB Store, allows you to tailor the intensity and spectrum to the needs of both plants and fish.

Consider creating shaded zones by strategically placing taller plants and pieces of hardscape. This not only mimics the natural environment but also gives the fish choices between more illuminated and darker areas. A well‑structured, naturalistic aquascape will encourage Farlowella to display normal activity patterns and makes the entire aquarium more attractive.

Diet and feeding strategies

One of the most important aspects of Farlowella care is providing a suitable diet. Despite their reputation as algae eaters, they cannot live on algae alone and will suffer if the aquarium is too clean or if they are not supplemented with additional foods. In nature, they feed primarily on biofilm, soft green and brown algae, and tiny microorganisms they scrape from surfaces.

In the aquarium, offer a combination of high‑quality plant‑based foods and small amounts of protein. Good choices include spirulina‑rich wafers, sinking vegetarian tablets and specialized catfish pellets designed for periphyton grazers. Blanched vegetables such as zucchini, cucumber slices and spinach leaves can be provided regularly. These should be anchored to the bottom so the fish can easily attach and rasp.

Protein‑rich foods like frozen daphnia, cyclops or bloodworms may be offered occasionally, but they should never dominate the diet. Overfeeding protein can lead to digestive problems. Farlowella have relatively delicate digestive systems and should receive small, frequent meals rather than large, irregular feedings. Remove any uneaten vegetables after 24 hours to maintain good water quality.

Because these catfish are shy and slow eaters, ensure that faster tank mates do not consume all food before the Farlowella can feed. Offer food in several places across the tank, ideally near their favourite resting spots. High‑quality, stable food from reliable brands, available at MB Store, will support healthy growth, strong immune systems and good coloration, while minimizing nutrient pollution in the water.

Behaviour and suitable tank mates

Farlowella are peaceful, non‑aggressive fish that spend most of their time attaching to wood, glass or plant stems. They are primarily nocturnal or crepuscular but will often be visible during the day in quiet surroundings. Their movements are slow and deliberate; they rarely dart or chase, making them ideal for tranquil, community aquaria.

They should be kept singly or in small groups. In larger tanks with many hiding places, groups of 4–6 specimens can coexist peacefully. Occasional mild territorial disputes between males may occur, usually limited to displays and short chases without damage, provided that each fish has enough perches and resting areas.

Choose tank mates carefully. Ideal companions are small, calm species such as tetras, rasboras, pencilfish, peaceful dwarf cichlids, and other gentle bottom dwellers like Corydoras. Avoid large, aggressive or very active fish that could harass or outcompete them for food. Rough species that nip fins or push others away during feeding will cause chronic stress and can shorten the Farlowella’s lifespan.

Invertebrates like shrimps and peaceful snails can coexist, but keep in mind that Farlowella may disturb them while grazing on surfaces. Provide enough hiding places for all inhabitants and maintain a stable social environment. When selecting livestock, MB Store staff can help you match compatible species and choose an aquarium size that will comfortably host your desired community.

Breeding Farlowella in the home aquarium

Breeding Farlowella is possible for dedicated aquarists and offers a fascinating look into their life cycle. First, ensure that you have at least one male and one female. Males typically have a broader, longer snout and may develop small odontodes along the rostrum and head during spawning periods, while females tend to be slightly plumper in the body.

To encourage spawning, provide excellent water quality, a high‑quality diet and a calm environment. Slightly lowering the temperature and then performing a series of small, cool water changes can simulate rainy season conditions, which often triggers breeding. Flat surfaces such as broad leaves, pieces of slate or the smooth underside of wood are common spawning sites.

The female will deposit a cluster of eggs, usually on a vertical or slightly inclined surface, after which the male takes over care. He fans the eggs with his fins and protects them from potential threats. During this period, it is important to avoid disturbing the tank and to ensure stable parameters. The eggs typically hatch after 7–10 days, depending on temperature.

Raising the fry can be challenging. They are extremely delicate and require pristine, stable water with plenty of biofilm. Many breeders choose to move the eggs or newly hatched fry to a separate rearing tank with gentle filtration using a sponge filter. The fry feed initially on their yolk sac and then begin grazing on fine algae and specially prepared foods like powdered spirulina or finely crushed vegetable flakes.

Health, lifespan and common problems

Healthy Farlowella can live for 8–10 years in captivity if kept under proper conditions. Their main vulnerabilities are related to poor water quality, stress and improper nutrition. Because of their slender build and slow metabolism, they can lose weight quickly if they do not receive adequate food or if aggressive tank mates prevent them from eating.

Early signs of health problems include a noticeably sunken belly, clamped fins, faded coloration and unusual reclusiveness, even in stable tanks. Many newly imported specimens arrive in a weakened state after long transport and may require special attention. During this adaptation period, offer easily accessible food, minimize bright light and maintain perfect water quality through gentle, regular water changes.

Farlowella are sensitive to certain medications, especially those containing copper and strong dyes. If treatment for parasites or bacterial infections is necessary, always use half doses initially and monitor the fish closely. Quarantine new arrivals in a separate tank whenever possible to avoid introducing pathogens into a well‑established community.

Regular maintenance plays a crucial role in preventing disease. This includes weekly partial water changes, careful gravel cleaning to remove organic waste and filter servicing without destroying beneficial bacteria. Using reliable test kits and filtration equipment from MB Store helps you monitor and stabilize key parameters, making it easier to maintain a healthy environment for these delicate fish.

Why choose Farlowella and how MB Store can help

Farlowella catfish are an excellent choice for aquarists who value natural aesthetics and calm behaviour over bright colors and constant movement. Their twig‑like bodies create a unique visual effect, especially in planted aquaria designed to resemble flooded forest or river margins. By grazing on soft algae and biofilm, they also contribute to maintaining a clean, balanced ecosystem.

However, their sensitivity means they are best suited to hobbyists prepared to offer mature tanks, careful feeding and stable water conditions. If you appreciate detailed observation, slow rhythms and the challenge of meeting specific ecological requirements, Farlowella can become one of the most rewarding species in your collection.

At MB Store you can find everything necessary to create ideal conditions for Farlowella: aquariums of various dimensions, efficient filters, heaters, precise thermometers, high‑quality LED lighting, natural driftwood, plant substrates and specialized fish foods. The combination of proper equipment and knowledgeable advice will help you design a stable environment where twig catfish can settle, thrive and reveal their subtle beauty for many years.

Frequently asked questions about Farlowella catfish

How many Farlowella catfish can I keep in my aquarium

The number depends mainly on tank length and structure. In aquariums from about 100 cm length, a group of 3–5 Farlowella is usually safe, provided there is plenty of wood and plants for perching. Avoid crowding and choose peaceful tank mates so that stress and competition for food remain low.

Are Farlowella good algae eaters

They do eat soft algae films and biofilm, but cannot survive on algae alone. In a very clean, new tank they may actually starve. Always supplement their diet with plant‑based wafers, blanched vegetables and suitable sinking foods. Treat their algae grazing as a helpful bonus, not as the main maintenance method.

Can beginners keep Farlowella catfish

They are not the easiest choice for a first fish, but a careful beginner with a mature, stable tank can succeed. Key points are patient cycling, gentle filtration, regular testing and appropriate diet. If you are willing to invest time into learning water chemistry and feeding, Farlowella can be a rewarding project.

Do Farlowella need live plants

Live plants are not absolutely required, but strongly recommended. Plants offer shelter, create natural perching sites and contribute to a stable micro‑environment with extra biofilm. They also help control nutrients. In planted aquaria, Farlowella feel more secure, show better coloration and behave more naturally.

How long do Farlowella catfish live

With proper care these catfish can live from 8 up to around 10 years. Lifespan is strongly influenced by early acclimation, diet quality and water stability. Stress, transport damage and unsuitable tank mates may shorten their life. Providing a calm, mature aquarium significantly improves their long‑term survival.