Black Phantom Tetra – Hyphessobrycon megalopterus

Among South American tetras, the Black Phantom Tetra (Hyphessobrycon megalopterus) stands out as a charismatic and surprisingly peaceful fish that easily becomes the centerpiece of a well‑planned community tank. Its characteristic dark “phantom” blotch, elegant fins and lively schooling behaviour make it a favourite among both beginner and advanced aquarists. In this article we will look in detail at its appearance, behaviour, aquarium requirements and breeding, so you can decide whether this species is the right choice for your aquarium and how MB Store can help you create the ideal home for it.

Natural habitat and appearance of Black Phantom Tetra

The Black Phantom Tetra originates from slow‑flowing tributaries of the upper Paraguay and Guaporé river basins in Brazil and Bolivia. These waters are typically soft, slightly acidic and rich in plant life, with a dense growth of submerged and marginal vegetation. The substrate is usually a mix of sand, fine gravel and leaf litter, which releases tannins and humic substances, giving the water a faint tea‑coloured tint. Recreating these conditions in captivity helps the fish show its most intense colours and natural behaviour.

Adult Black Phantom Tetras reach around 4–5 cm in length, making them ideal for medium‑sized community aquaria. The body is laterally compressed, with a silver‑grey base colour and a distinctive large, dark, almost black blotch behind the gill cover. This “phantom mark” is bordered by lighter, sometimes slightly iridescent scales, which can shimmer under aquarium lighting. The overall effect is both subtle and striking, especially when the fish is seen against a backdrop of dark substrate and lush plants.

Sexual dimorphism is very pronounced in this species. Males are usually slimmer and show elongated, more dramatic dorsal and anal fins with a deep, smoky black colour. Females are slightly rounder, particularly when ripe with eggs, and their fins are shorter with more translucent, sometimes reddish or brownish tones. In good conditions, males engage in gentle display battles, spreading their long dorsal fins and showing off the full beauty of their markings. These displays are rarely harmful and are an important part of their social structure.

Thanks to their elegant silhouette and contrast between the dark phantom spot and lighter body, Black Phantom Tetras look particularly impressive in groups. A school of ten or more specimens moving in synchrony adds a sense of depth and dynamism to the aquarium. Good lighting, combined with a dark substrate and carefully arranged hardscape, brings out their subtle metallic sheen, while floating plants help diffuse light and create a more natural feel, similar to their native habitat.

Behaviour, social structure and suitable tank mates

Black Phantom Tetras are classic schooling fish. They feel safest and most confident when kept in a group of at least six individuals, though larger groups are strongly recommended. In a sizable school, aggression is spread out and shy specimens gain confidence. Schooling also reduces stress, which is crucial for maintaining a strong immune system and vibrant colouring. Isolated or kept in too small a group, these tetras can become pale, withdrawn and more prone to disease.

One of the characteristic behaviours of this species is the male display ritual. Males occupy small “territories”, often around a particular plant or piece of hardscape, where they show off to females and rival males. When two males meet, they may circle each other with fins fully extended, turning sideways to appear larger and more imposing. Despite their theatrical appearance, these encounters are usually harmless, and serious nipping is rare in a properly stocked and arranged aquarium.

As omnivores with small, upturned mouths, Black Phantom Tetras spend much of their time in the middle and upper parts of the water column, picking at small food items drifting in the current. They are active but not overly boisterous, which makes them excellent inhabitants for peaceful community aquaria. When startled, the entire group will often dart together into plant thickets or under driftwood, then slowly re‑emerge as they regain a sense of security.

Choosing compatible tank mates is important for preserving their natural behaviour. Peaceful, similarly sized species such as other small tetras, rasboras, Corydoras catfish and dwarf cichlids like Apistogramma are generally appropriate companions. Avoid large, predatory fish or notorious fin‑nippers like some barbs, which may damage the long dorsal fins of male Black Phantom Tetras. Slow‑moving species with long fins, such as angelfish or bettas, can sometimes coexist, but observe carefully to ensure no subtle harassment occurs.

Because they are sensitive to poor water quality and sudden changes, a stable, well‑maintained aquarium is essential. Their social nature also makes them an excellent “indicator species” of overall tank health; a group that remains active, colourful and eager to feed usually signals that water parameters and general husbandry are in good order. When they start hiding, gasping near the surface or losing colour, it is often a sign of underlying issues that require prompt attention.

Aquarium setup and water parameters

Black Phantom Tetras thrive in thoughtfully designed aquaria that take their natural habitat into account. A tank with a base length of at least 60 cm is the minimum recommended size for a small group, though larger aquaria provide more stable water parameters and allow the fish to express their full range of behaviours. A 100‑liter plus aquarium is ideal for a sizable school alongside other peaceful community species.

Water parameters should remain relatively soft and slightly acidic to neutral. Aim for a temperature range of 23–27 °C, a pH between 6.0 and 7.2, and total hardness in the low to medium range. While Black Phantom Tetras can adapt to somewhat harder water if acclimated slowly, keeping them within their preferred range enhances their health and encourages more intense coloration. Stability is more important than chasing perfect numbers, so avoid frequent, drastic changes in pH or temperature.

Filtration must be efficient yet gentle. Strong currents are not natural for this species and can cause stress, especially in smaller aquaria. A high‑quality internal, hang‑on‑back or external canister filter with adjustable flow is recommended. Use pre‑filters and spray bars to diffuse outflow, creating circulation without turbulent jets of water. Regular maintenance of filter media prevents the build‑up of organic waste, while still preserving beneficial bacteria essential for biological filtration.

The choice of substrate and decorations influences both aesthetics and fish comfort. Fine sand or small‑grain gravel is ideal. Adding pieces of driftwood, tangled roots and dried leaves (such as Indian almond leaves) helps mimic the tannin‑rich waters of their homeland and provides numerous hiding places. Leaf litter not only releases beneficial substances but also encourages natural foraging behaviour as the fish pick at biofilm and micro‑organisms that develop on these surfaces.

Plants play a crucial role in creating a secure environment for Black Phantom Tetras. Dense planting with species like Java fern, Cryptocoryne, various stem plants and floating species such as Salvinia or Amazon frogbit offers cover and helps diffuse light. Darker zones among plants and under driftwood serve as refuges during moments of stress, while open swimming spaces in the middle of the tank allow schooling behaviour. Aim for a balanced layout that combines thickets of vegetation with clear, open water.

Good lighting should highlight their colours without being overly harsh. Moderate brightness with some shaded areas works best. Too intense lighting without floating cover can make the fish nervous and less inclined to venture into the open. In addition, consider using background panels and a dark substrate to enhance contrast; against a dark background, the black phantom blotch and subtle silvery shine of the body become more noticeable and visually striking.

Feeding and nutrition

In the wild, Black Phantom Tetras feed on a mixture of small aquatic invertebrates, insect larvae, crustaceans and plant matter. In the aquarium, they readily adapt to a variety of foods, which makes them relatively easy to feed. A balanced diet is vital for maintaining their health, boosting immunity and enhancing both colouring and breeding readiness. Variety is key; relying exclusively on one type of food often results in nutritional gaps and less vibrant fish.

High‑quality flake or micro‑granule foods formulated for tropical fish should form the foundation of their diet. Look for products with a high proportion of animal protein and natural colour enhancers such as astaxanthin or spirulina. At MB Store you can find a wide range of complete foods suitable for omnivorous tetras, ensuring that your fish receive all essential vitamins, minerals and amino acids in every meal.

Supplementing dry foods with frozen and live foods significantly improves condition and stimulates natural hunting instincts. Offer small portions of bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp or cyclops. These foods are rich in protein and beneficial fatty acids, which are especially important for conditioning breeding pairs. Introduce them several times per week, taking care not to overfeed, as uneaten food can quickly deteriorate water quality and lead to health problems.

Plant‑based supplements also play a role in a complete diet. Although primarily micro‑predators, Black Phantom Tetras benefit from a certain amount of plant material. Foods containing spirulina or finely chopped blanched vegetables such as spinach or peas can be offered occasionally. This helps maintain digestive health and provides additional micronutrients that might be missing from purely carnivorous diets.

Feeding frequency should be adjusted to the age and activity level of the fish. Adult Black Phantom Tetras generally do well with two small meals per day. Each feeding should be consumed within a few minutes, leaving no leftovers on the bottom. Introducing regular fast days, for example once per week, helps prevent obesity and digestive issues, and encourages the fish to forage naturally among plants and decorations, which can be an enriching behavioural activity.

Observing your fish during feeding time provides valuable feedback about their overall well‑being. Healthy individuals are active, eagerly swim to the front of the aquarium and compete for food without excessive aggression. A sudden loss of appetite, lethargy, unusual body posture or difficulty swallowing may indicate stress, disease or poor water conditions. Using consistent feeding routines, combined with high‑quality foods available at MB Store, goes a long way toward keeping your Black Phantom Tetras robust and full of life.

Breeding Black Phantom Tetras in the home aquarium

Breeding Black Phantom Tetras is both achievable and rewarding for aquarists who are willing to prepare a dedicated spawning setup. Understanding their breeding behaviour and environmental requirements greatly increases the chances of success. Unlike some livebearing species, these tetras are egg scatterers and do not provide parental care, which means protecting the eggs and fry from predation is essential.

Conditioning future breeding pairs or groups starts with optimal nutrition and water quality. Feed high‑quality dry food along with a generous supply of frozen and live foods for several weeks. Healthy females become plumper as their ovaries fill with eggs, while males show more intense colours and more frequent display behaviour. At this stage it is helpful to observe which individuals form loose pairs or display mutual interest, as this can guide your selection for the breeding tank.

Set up a separate spawning aquarium of 25–40 liters, equipped with a sponge filter and gentle aeration. Use soft, slightly acidic water with a pH around 6.0–6.5 and a temperature of about 26–27 °C. Provide fine‑leaved plants such as Java moss or artificial spawning mops that offer surfaces for egg deposition and hiding places for newly hatched fry. To protect the eggs from being eaten by the parents, you can also use a mesh or grid at the bottom, allowing eggs to fall through beyond reach.

Introduce a well‑conditioned pair or a small group with a higher proportion of males to females into the spawning tank in the evening. Often, spawning takes place at dawn when light levels increase. The male will court the female, leading her among plants where she releases small batches of eggs that are immediately fertilized by the male. Over the course of a session, several dozen to over a hundred eggs may be produced, depending on the size and condition of the female.

Once you observe eggs on plants or substrate, remove the adults to prevent them from consuming their own spawn. The eggs typically hatch after about 24–36 hours, depending on temperature. At first, the fry remain attached to surfaces, absorbing their yolk sacs. After a few days they become free‑swimming and require extremely fine food. Start with liquid fry food, infusoria or commercial powdered fry diets, gradually introducing freshly hatched brine shrimp nauplii as the fry grow.

Water quality is especially critical at this delicate stage. Perform small, regular water changes with water of identical temperature and similar parameters to avoid shocking the fry. A sponge filter ensures biological filtration while preventing tiny fry from being sucked in. As they grow, you can separate the fastest‑developing individuals to reduce competition and cannibalism. With proper care, young Black Phantom Tetras quickly develop their characteristic body shape, and the dark phantom blotch becomes visible after several weeks.

Why Black Phantom Tetra is ideal for planted community tanks

Many aquarists value harmonious, visually cohesive community tanks where fish, plants and hardscape form a single, balanced composition. Black Phantom Tetras are particularly well suited to such setups. Their moderate size, peaceful temperament and striking contrast against greenery make them a natural choice for densely planted aquaria of various styles, from nature aquariums to biotope‑inspired layouts.

In planted tanks, these tetras use vertical space very effectively. They frequently swim among mid‑water plant zones, weaving between stem plants and open areas. This brings life to the middle layer of the aquarium, which is sometimes underutilized in layouts focused mainly on bottom‑dwelling or surface‑oriented fish. Their schooling behaviour accentuates the depth and perspective created by carefully arranged plants and hardscape.

Another advantage is their relatively low impact on plants and decor. Black Phantom Tetras do not dig in the substrate or uproot plants, nor do they graze heavily on delicate leaves. This makes them suitable companions for fragile species and intricate aquascapes where even minor disturbances can ruin the intended design. Their light bioload, combined with sensible stocking levels, means they can be part of a balanced ecosystem where plants help assimilate waste products.

Their colour palette also complements many aquascaping styles. The combination of a silvery‑grey body with dark markings and smoky fins stands out beautifully against bright green plants and dark wood. When illuminated from above and slightly from the front, they develop subtle reflections that add visual interest without overwhelming the scene. Unlike very brightly coloured species that can dominate the view, Black Phantom Tetras contribute elegance and depth rather than distraction.

From a practical standpoint, their compatibility with common community species simplifies stocking decisions. Shoals of these tetras can be combined with Corydoras catfish, small Loricariidae, peaceful dwarf cichlids and a variety of shrimp and snails, provided the latter are of adequate size. This versatility allows aquarists to design complex, multilayered communities where each species occupies its preferred niche, contributing to both aesthetic and functional balance.

Equipment and accessories from MB Store for Black Phantom Tetra care

Creating an optimal environment for Black Phantom Tetras is much easier when you have access to suitable equipment and accessories. MB Store offers a comprehensive selection of aquaria, filtration systems, lighting, substrates and decorative materials that allow you to build a safe and visually appealing home for these fish. By choosing high‑quality products, you not only enhance the beauty of your tank but also improve long‑term stability and ease of maintenance.

The foundation of any successful setup is a well‑chosen aquarium. At MB Store you will find a variety of tanks in different sizes and proportions, including models ideal for medium‑sized communities where Black Phantom Tetras can display natural schooling behaviour. Opt for aquaria with sufficient length, as horizontal swimming space is particularly important for active schooling fish. Tanks with clear, distortion‑free glass showcase the subtle colours and movements of your fish to best effect.

Filtration is another crucial aspect, and MB Store offers a range of internal and external filters suitable for soft‑water community tanks. Models with adjustable flow allow you to tailor circulation to the needs of Black Phantom Tetras, avoiding excessively strong currents. Many filters available in the store can be combined with sponge pre‑filters, which provide an extra safety layer for small fish and fry while increasing biological filtration capacity.

Lighting solutions at MB Store cover everything from basic LED fixtures to advanced systems with adjustable spectrum and intensity. For Black Phantom Tetra setups, it is often advantageous to choose lighting that can be dimmed or combined with floating plants to create shaded zones. Carefully selected lighting not only brings out the natural beauty of fish and plants but also contributes to a stable photoperiod, which is important for the daily rhythm of aquarium inhabitants.

Substrates and decorations play both aesthetic and functional roles. MB Store offers fine sands, natural gravels, nutrient‑rich plant substrates, as well as a wide selection of driftwood, rocks and artificial decorations. Using these materials, you can easily recreate the soft, structured biotopes preferred by Black Phantom Tetras. Combining dark substrates with branching driftwood and carefully placed stones adds depth and provides shelter, reducing stress for your fish.

To complete the setup, MB Store also provides heaters, water conditioners, test kits and a variety of maintenance tools. Reliable heaters ensure stable temperatures in the optimal range, while conditioners help neutralize chlorine, chloramine and heavy metals present in tap water. Test kits allow you to monitor key parameters such as pH, hardness and nitrate levels, enabling timely adjustments that keep your Black Phantom Tetras in excellent condition.

Health, disease prevention and long‑term care

Maintaining the health of Black Phantom Tetras over the long term revolves around three pillars: water quality, nutrition and stress minimization. These fish are relatively hardy once properly acclimated, but like all small tetras they can be susceptible to sudden changes in conditions and neglect. A proactive approach to aquarium husbandry will prevent most common diseases and ensure that your fish remain active and long‑lived.

Regular partial water changes are fundamental. Replacing 20–30% of the water every one to two weeks, depending on stocking density and feeding regime, helps keep nitrate and dissolved organic levels under control. Use dechlorinated water with similar temperature and parameters to avoid shocking the fish. During water changes, gently remove detritus from the substrate, especially in less accessible areas behind decorations and around plant roots, where waste tends to accumulate.

Monitoring for early signs of illness greatly improves outcomes if problems arise. Watch for symptoms such as clamped fins, unusual spots or lesions, laboured breathing, frayed fins or abnormal swimming patterns. Black Phantom Tetras can be affected by common freshwater ailments like ich, fin rot and various bacterial infections, particularly if stressed by poor water quality or aggressive tank mates. Prompt identification and treatment with appropriate medications help prevent the spread of disease throughout the community.

Quarantine of new fish and plants is an often overlooked but essential practice. Introducing new specimens directly into a mature aquarium carries a risk of bringing in parasites or pathogens. A separate, small quarantine tank allows you to observe newcomers for several weeks, ensuring that only healthy individuals join your established Black Phantom Tetra community. This simple step can save you significant effort and loss in the long run.

Long‑term care also involves periodic reassessment of stocking levels and compatibility. Over time, fish grow, social dynamics change, and what was once a peaceful setup can become crowded or stressful. Ensure that your school of Black Phantom Tetras remains sufficiently numerous to express natural behaviour, but not so large that bioload overwhelms filtration capacity. If necessary, adjust the population through responsible rehoming or by planning new aquaria to accommodate expanding communities.

Finally, enrichment and environmental stability contribute significantly to well‑being. Avoid frequent major rearrangements of decor that can disorient or stress the fish. Instead, make gradual, thoughtful adjustments, such as adding new plants or gently modifying the layout to improve swim paths. Observing your fish daily, even briefly, allows you to notice subtle changes in behaviour and appearance, so you can intervene before minor issues develop into serious problems.

FAQ – Black Phantom Tetra

How many Black Phantom Tetras should be kept together?
Black Phantom Tetras are schooling fish and should be kept in a group of at least six individuals, though ten or more is preferable. A larger school makes them feel safer, reduces stress and brings out their natural colours and social behaviours. In small groups they may become shy, pale and more vulnerable to disease, so plan tank size and filtration to support an adequate number.

What water parameters are best for Black Phantom Tetras?
This species prefers soft, slightly acidic to neutral water with a temperature range of 23–27 °C, pH between 6.0 and 7.2, and low to moderate hardness. Stability is more important than exact values, so avoid rapid changes in temperature or pH. Regular partial water changes, gentle filtration and proper stocking help maintain these conditions and keep the fish healthy and active over the long term.

Can Black Phantom Tetras live in a community aquarium?
Yes, they are peaceful and well suited to community aquaria with similarly sized, non‑aggressive species. Good companions include other small tetras, rasboras, Corydoras catfish and dwarf cichlids. Avoid large predatory fish and fin‑nipping species that may harass them. Providing plenty of plants and hiding spots helps reduce stress and allows each species to occupy its preferred area within the tank.

What should I feed my Black Phantom Tetras?
Offer a varied diet based on high‑quality flake or micro‑granule foods supplemented with frozen and live foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia and bloodworms. Small, frequent meals keep them in good condition and support strong colours and breeding readiness. Occasional plant‑based supplements with spirulina or blanched vegetables help digestion. MB Store provides a wide range of suitable foods for maintaining optimal nutrition.

Is breeding Black Phantom Tetras difficult?
Breeding is quite achievable for patient aquarists who set up a dedicated spawning tank with soft, slightly acidic water, fine‑leaved plants and gentle filtration. After conditioning with rich foods, pairs may spawn at dawn, scattering eggs among plants. Adults must then be removed to prevent egg predation. Fry initially require microscopic foods before moving on to newly hatched brine shrimp and gradually larger fare as they grow.